For the philosopher Ivan Illich, society became a set of systems rather than a group of people. As such, society depersonalizes life and brings the need for open non-systematized spaces where people can act and interact outside their typical roles. On the other hand, an absence of formal structures may simply open spaces for the informal reproduction of society’s already well-established structures. Given this conjuncture, can systems be designed to foster personal expression? The answer I found in cybernetics is self-organization, (...) a process of adaptation to a context that can grow different organizations depending on what this context provides. This implies that personal expression is a concern in society’s emergent organizations, calling for meta planning to design the context of some of society’s self-organization processes. The cybernetician Gordon Pask argued that depersonalization follows from non-conversational communications, like the ones that develop in large committees. In response, Pask’s fellow cybernetician Stafford Beer proposed a meeting protocol called Team Syntegrity allowing large groups to subdivide into small integrated discussion groups. While Beer’s work has been extensively discussed in existent literature, this article presents the results of four experiments conducted by using variations of Beer’s protocol to understand both the ease with which it can be adapted to different situations, and the implications of its conversational structure on personal expression. The experiment’s realization demonstrates that the protocol’s preparation is laborious and hard to adapt in a timely manner in situations where participant numbers fluctuate. Automation of these processes, however, offers possibilities to use the approach in loosely organized groups. Automation can also help choosing the most appropriate protocol for particular situations through the manipulation of its configuration. Despite difficulties, the protocol offers promise for different purposes, encouraging personal expression in a way that reverberates with others’ personal perspectives. (shrink)

The belief that damaging an object may harm the individual to which the object relates is common among adults. We explored whether arousal following the destruction of a photograph of a loved partner is greater than that following the destruction of a photograph of a stranger, and whether this response is greater than when a photograph representing a non-person sentimental attachment is destroyed, using a measure of skin conductance response. Long-term supporters of a football team, who were also in a (...) long-term relationship, showed increased arousal when asked to destroy a photograph of their partner, but not a photograph of their team, even though both elicited equivalent ratings of emotional attachment. This may be because football teams are conceptualized differently from individuals. Future studies should address whether destruction of symbols that represent the enduring nature of the team elicit more emotional distress than photograph. (shrink)

Existential-Ontologie und historischer Materialismus bei Herbert Marcuse, von A. Schmidt.--Das Ganze und das ganz Andere; zur Kritik der reinen revolutionären Transzendenz, von W.F. Haug.--Technik und Eindimensionalität; eine Version der Technokratiethese? Von C. Offe.--Technologische Rationalität und spätkapitalistische ökonomie, von J. Bergmann.--Die geschichtliche Dimension des Realitätsprinzips, von H. Berndt und R. Reiche.--Marcuse and the New Left in America, by P. Breines.--Ausgewählte Bibliographie der Schriften Herbert Marcuses (p. 155-[161]).

An attention shift from a stationary to a changing object has to occur in feature space, in order to bind these stimuli into a unitary percept. This time-consuming shift leads to the perception of a changing stimulus further ahead along its trajectory. This attentional framework is able to accommodate the flash-lag effect in its multiple empirical manifestations.

The Jordan decomposition theorem states that every function $f \colon \, [0,1] \to \mathbb {R}$ of bounded variation can be written as the difference of two non-decreasing functions. Combining this fact with a result of Lebesgue, every function of bounded variation is differentiable almost everywhere in the sense of Lebesgue measure. We analyze the strength of these theorems in the setting of reverse mathematics. Over $\mathsf {RCA}_{0}$, a stronger version of Jordan’s result where all functions are continuous is equivalent to (...) $\mathsf {ACA}_0$, while the version stated is equivalent to ${\textsf {WKL}}_{0}$. The result that every function on $[0,1]$ of bounded variation is almost everywhere differentiable is equivalent to ${\textsf {WWKL}}_{0}$. To state this equivalence in a meaningful way, we develop a theory of Martin–Löf randomness over $\mathsf {RCA}_0$. (shrink)

Peter Abelard (1079–1142 ce) was the most wide‐ranging philosopher of the twelfth century. He quickly established himself as a leading teacher of logic in and near Paris shortly after 1100. After his affair with Heloise, and his subsequent castration, Abelard became a monk, but he returned to teaching in the Paris schools until 1140, when his work was condemned by a Church Council at Sens. His logical writings were based around discussion of the “Old Logic”: Porphyry's Isagoge, aristotle'S Categories and (...) On Interpretation and boethius'S textbook on topical inference. They comprise a freestanding Dialectica (“Logic”; probably c.1116), a set of commentaries (known as the Logica [Ingredientibus], c. 1119) and a later (c. 1125) commentary on the Isagoge (Logica Nostrorum Petititoni Sociorum or Glossulae). In a work Abelard called his Theologia, issued in three main versions (between 1120 and c.1134), he attempted a logical analysis of trinitarian relations and explored the philosophical problems surrounding God's claims to omnipotence and omniscience. The Collationes (“Debates,” also known as “Dialogue between a Christian, a Philosopher and a Jew”; probably c.1130) present a rational investigation into the nature of the highest good, in which the Christian and the Philosopher (who seems to be modeled on a philosopher of pagan antiquity) are remarkably in agreement. The unfinished Scito teipsum (“Know thyself,” also known as the “Ethics”; c.1138) analyses moral action. (shrink)

It is more than half a century since P. Boudreaux equipped the Cynegetka of the Syrian author now sometimes called Pseudo-Oppian with a proper text and apparatus criticus. The Halieutica of Oppian is still without either. Onemight think the latter poem hardly worth the aureus for every line with which Marcus Aurelius is reported in the Life of the author to have rewarded it, or hesitate to say, with St Jerome, that O. Alieutica miro splendore conscripsit, but it is (...) better constructed and far better written than the Cynegetica; it was more admired by later poets, and some might account it the more interesting poem. It would appear from R. Keydell's survey of Oppianic literature down to 1929 that R. Vári published between 1908 and 1926 in Hungarian journals and an Italian Festschrift some papers on the manuscripts of Hal. (shrink)

O artigo pretende tratar, de forma resumida, como a filosofia de Hegel, ao contrário de boa parte das interpretações canônicas, tenta dar conta dos problemas reais da política e sociedade alemãs. Da mesma forma a filosofia sartreana tenta dar respostas do mesmo cunho à cena concreta da vida francesa. Tendo em vista esses dois fatores apresenta-se o pensamento hegeliano, a sua recepção por Sartre e os possíveis aportes entre as duas teorias.

Ao pesquisar onde poderia achar a referida obra, travei contato com dezenas das mais tradicionais e maiores bibliotecas do Brasil. Infelizmente, não encontrei ao menos um exemplar. E também, nenhum indício de que a mesma possuísse qualquer edição em língua portuguesa. A encontrei-a em língua espanhola, numa edição de 1988, e fui buscá-la na Biblioteca Nacional da República Argentina, em Buenos Aires, de onde trouxe cópia em língua espanhola. Vejo, portanto, como preciosa, para mim, e, sobretudo para a comunidade acadêmica (...) local, toda possibilidade de divulgar o conteúdo da fonte em questão. São raras as citações desta obra, mesmo do interesse de Schrödinger pelo pensamento védico, em língua portuguesa. No livro Schrödinger e Heisenberg, a Física além do senso comum de Antônio F. R. de Toledo Piza, doutor em Física Nuclear pelo MIT, professor de Física da USP, constatamos as palavras do próprio Schrödinger acerca de tal questão. (shrink)

Proof assistants are software-based tools that are used in the mechanization of proof construction and validation in mathematics and computer science, and also in certified program development. Different such tools are being increasingly used in order to accelerate and simplify proof checking, and the Coq proof assistant is one of the most well known and used in large-scale projects. Language and automata theory is a well-established area of mathematics, relevant to computer science foundations and information technology. In particular, context-free language (...) theory is of fundamental importance in the analysis, design, and implementation of computer programming languages. This work describes a formalization effort, using the Coq proof assistant, of fundamental results of the classical theory of contextfree grammars and languages. These include closure properties (union, concatenation, and Kleene star), grammar simplification (elimination of useless symbols, inaccessible symbols, empty rules, and unit rules), the existence of a Chomsky Normal Form for context-free grammars and the Pumping Lemma for context-free languages. The result is an important set of libraries covering the main results of context-free language theory, with more than 500 lemmas and theorems fully proved and checked. As it turns out, this is a comprehensive formalization of the classical context-free language theory in the Coq proof assistant and includes the formalization of the Pumping Lemma for context-free languages. The perspectives for the further development of this work are diverse and can be grouped in three different areas: inclusion of new devices and results, code extraction, and general enhancements of its libraries. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo é o de aproximar o pensamento espinosano dos estudos organizacionais críticos, tendo como fio condutor a servidão nas organizações. Para tanto, analisamos o pensamento de Espinosa e discutimos o entrelaçamento de sua ontologia e de sua abordagem política para se compreender temas caros aos estudos críticos, como a liberdade e a servidão. O artigo, além de problematizar o voluntário do oximoro da servidão voluntária, realiza uma ancoragem no pensamento espinosano para compreender criticamente a relação indivíduo-empresa nas (...) organizações contemporâneas, configurando-se como resistência à dominação e ao totalitarismo do modelo neoliberal. (shrink)

Scientific inquiry possibly shares with people's ordinary understanding the same evolutionary determinants, and affect-laden intuitions that shape moral judgments also play a decisive role in decision-making, planning, and scientific reasoning. Therefore, if ordinary understanding does differ from scientific inquiry, the reason does not reside in the fact that the former (but not the latter) is endowed with moral considerations.

The Hilbert space formalism is a powerful language to express many cognitive phenomena. Here, relevant concepts from signal detection theory are recast in that language, allowing an empirically testable extension of the quantum probability formalism to psychophysical measures, such as detectability and discriminability.

The main objective of this work is to understand the daily practices of user management in post-reformist devices in the Brazilian mental health field. Through Foucault's genealogical work on government practices, understood as forms of conducting the behavior of others, it is possible to open a possible field for the study of the practices of psi knowledge, considering them as forms of management that act by through the free and natural acts of individuals. More specifically, our goal is to examine (...) day-to-day practices on some reformist devices such as CAPS through user files. Basically, two driving models have been found in the new devices: 1) Cases with frank intervention of production of commitments and agreements with users, seeking the entry of this to varied activities and political leadership ; 2) Cases with little response from the user, in which the forms of conduction are implemented by policies of inclusion of family members and close reference characters in the management of the patient's life. (shrink)

Nesse artigo analisamos alguns aspectos do Programa Um Computador por Aluno (UCA), recentemente implantado na rede municipal de ensino de Erechim (RS), buscando apresentar reflexões sobre as possibilidades desse Programa à formação docente e lançando luzes para as implicações dessa formação nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem e na promoção da inclusão digital na escola pública. Nosso estudo sinaliza que a inclusão digital tornou-se desafio e compromisso no referido município, ao tempo que a formação tecnológica de professores é entendida como (...) prioridade para que essa inclusão se concretize. O estudo mostra que mudanças estruturais e pedagógicas são vislumbradas pelos professores, os quais sugerem a necessidade de formação tecnológica contínua para que possam mudar suas práticas, e, ainda, que a inclusão digital é entendida pelos gestores e docentes como via para a qualificação dos processos de ensino e aprendizagem. Para tanto, entendemos que o processo de inclusão digital precisa fomentar novas formas de conhecimento e participação social para professores e estudantes. (shrink)

Background: Nursing students on clinical placements as part of their professional training are routinely faced with situations involving ethical conflicts. The initial act of perceiving a situation as causing an ethical dilemma is the result of both the students’ personal values, drawn from their culture and families, and of the professional knowledge and values that they have acquired through training and experience. Objectives: Nursing students’ experiences on clinical placements in primary care settings were investigated in order to identify situations that (...) they perceived as involving ethical conflict and describe the elements they took into consideration during their decision-making processes in these situations. Methods: The research design was qualitative descriptive case study. Around 50 students from three different intakes to a nursing degree answered a questionnaire and discussed it in focus groups. Ethical considerations: The study was designed in accordance with the principles guiding research with human beings and was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee. Results: Synthesised into two principal axes: (a) ethical conflicts in primary care, linked with the domains of working processes, professional nursing ethics and human and social rights and (b) students’ decision-making processes – realisation, reflection and intervention. Conclusion: The student nurses saw themselves both as actors and spectators in situations involving ethical problems and demanding moral deliberation, demonstrating the ability to base their arguments soundly. They tended to emphasise the possibilities offered by dialogue and that different ethical values must be respected to find fair solutions to ethical problems. (shrink)

The conjecture about the relationship between man and nature goes beyond simple theoretical reflection. On the contrary, it is a theme intrinsically rooted in practice. After all, the world around us is not a mere abstraction, but an imperative reality of our existence. With this in mind, the objective of this text is to seek, based on the medieval neoplatonic philosophy of John Scotus Eriugena, ways to reflect on this relationship that allow us to conjecture about our current condition as (...) humanity in the face of the environmental issues of our time. Demonstrating that, far from being an outdated thought, or stuck in its time, medieval philosophy, like all good philosophy, shows itself to be timeless and useful for reflecting on modern issues. Starting from this research premise, we will work on the concept of theophany presented by Eriugena in his philosophy, based on Periphyseon, establishing a sensible world that is not made as a simple copy or imperfect reflection of perfection, but as a manifestation of a divine principle that is established in creation. Thus, nature should not be thought of merely as a material value, but as a value of manifestation. It is not an object that is placed before us simply to be used and discarded, but to be appreciated, an appreciation that inspires reflection on the divine, on that which elevates us. Our objective here will therefore be to reflect on the importance of being inspired by a medieval philosophy that imposes itself on a relationship with nature that moves away from the view of the world as a simple object to be explored and begins to treat it from a new perspective that considers it as an object to be contemplated. That takes nature back from its sacralized character. In this way, we can question the predatory character of modern man towards nature from a medieval perspective that still holds much to clarify. (shrink)

This article focuses on the interaction between recipes unearthed from tombs datable to the Han dynasty and the early history of the materia medica. We observed that the two medicographic media, i.e. the materia medica and the recipes, share the following logical structure: [Substance] A [produces] → [effect] B Our arrow indicates a variety of relations, which the present article tries to categorize.

Resumo: Este artigo busca obter contribuições de Jacques Lacan para a educação, não em aspectos técnicos e metodológicos, mas no que se refere à constituição da subjetividade dos professores. A primeira seção analisa as reflexões lacanianas sobre a linguagem, assumindo seu vínculo com a Sofística, de um lado, seu distanciamento ante as teorizações de Aristóteles, de outro, e adotando Montaigne como intermediário para dialogar com Lacan. A segunda seção assume Freud como ponto de partida para entender o conceito lacaniano de (...) angústia, visando revelar seu potencial criativo mediante a noção de sublimação. O artigo propõe a performance como linguagem artística capaz de atuar sobre a subjetividade dos professores, o que só pode ser realizado com a adoção de uma pedagogia disposta a romper com os parâmetros vigentes na atualidade, cuja inclinação mercantilista faz da educação uma ferramenta voltada à inserção dos estudantes no mercado e vê os educadores como peças de uma engrenagem sem poder de decisão sobre si mesmos. Palavras-chaves: Lacan; Psicanálise; Sofística; Trabalho Docente Performance as logos-pharmakon: Lacan for teachers Abstract: This article seeks to draw contributions from Jacques Lacan to education, not in technical and methodological aspects, but in terms of the constitution of teachers’ subjectivity. The first section analyzes Lacan’s reflections on language, assuming firstly its link with Sophistry, secondly its distance from Aristotle’s theories and finally adopting Montaigne as an intermediary to dialogue with Lacan. The second section takes Freud as a starting point to understand the Lacanian concept of anguish, aiming to reveal its creative potential through the notion of sublimation. The article proposes performance as an artistic language capable of acting on the subjectivity of teachers, something that can only be achieved with the adoption of a pedagogy that breaks up with the parameters in force today, which tend towards mercantilism in making education a tool aimed at the insertion of students in the market and in seeing educators as cogs in a gear with no decision-making power over themselves. Keywords: Lacan; Psychoanalysis; Sophistry; Teaching Work Performance como logos-pharmakon: Lacan para professores Resumen: Este artículo busca obtener aportes de Jacques Lacan a la educación, no en aspectos técnicos y metodológicos, sino en cuanto a la constitución de la subjetividad de los docentes. El primer apartado analiza las reflexiones de Lacan sobre el lenguaje, asumiendo su vinculación con la Sofística, por un lado, su alejamiento de las teorías aristotélicas, por otro, y adoptando a Montaigne como intermediario para dialogar con Lacan. La segunda sección toma a Freud como punto de partida para comprender el concepto lacaniano de angustia, con el objetivo de revelar su potencial creativo a través de la noción de sublimación. El artículo propone la performance como un lenguaje artístico capaz de actuar sobre la subjetividad de los docentes, lo que sólo puede hacerse con la adopción de una pedagogía dispuesta a romper con los parámetros vigentes hoy, cuya inclinación mercantilista hace de la educación una herramienta dirigida a la inserción de estudiantes en el mercado y ve a los educadores como engranajes sin poder de decisión sobre sí mismos. Palabras clave: Lacan; Psicoanálisis; Sofistería; Trabajo Docente Data de registro: 06/07/2022 Data de aceite: 22/03/2023. (shrink)

Elementos para uma psicopedagogia da cultura digital 1 Resumo: a cultura digital é um paradigma emergente que coloca questões a serem tratadas pelas mais diversas áreas do conhecimento. A educação é uma das áreas mais questionadas, exigindo-se dela uma constante renovação para acompanhar as mudanças que o mundo digital provoca no processo de aprendizagem. A psicopedagogia da cultura digital é uma proposta epistemológica de reflexão sobre o processo de aprendizagem permeado por desafios informacionais e comunicacionais. Nesta pesquisa, fazendo análise de (...) bibliografia no campo da psicopedagogia, mas também da teoria da comunicação e da filosofia da mente, propomos um quadro teórico que visa fundamentar tais exigências epistemológicas em educação. Apresentamos, por fim, alguns elementos teóricos, advindos das demandas da cultura digital, que permitem-nos pensar um outro paradigma psicopedagógico e outra abordagem da aprendizagem. Palavras-chave: Educação. Cultura Digital. Psicopedagogia. Epistemologia. Fundamentos da Educação. Elements towards a Psychopedagogy of Digital Culture Abstract: digital culture is an emerging paradigm that poses questions to be addressed by the most diverse areas of knowledge. Education is one of the most questioned areas, requiring a constant renewal to accompany the changes that the digital world causes in the learning process. The psychopedagogy of digital culture is an epistemological proposal of reflection on the learning process permeated by informational and communicational challenges. In this paper, making bibliographic analysis in the field of psychopedagogy, but also in the theory of communication and the philosophy of mind, we propose a theoretical framework that aims to base such epistemological demands on education. Finally, we present some theoretical elements, coming from the demands of digital culture, which allow us to think of another paradigm psychopedagogic and another approach to learning. Keywords: Education. Digital Culture. Psychopedagogy. Epistemology. Foundations of Education. Elementos hacia una Psicopedagogía de la Cultura Digital Resumen: La cultura digital es un paradigma emergente que pone cuestiones a ser tratadas por distintas áreas del conocimiento. La educación es una de las más cuestionadas, exigiéndose de ella una renovación continua a fin de acompañar los cambios que el mundo digital provoca en el proceso de aprendizaje. La psicopedagogía de la cultura digital es una propuesta epistemológica de reflexión sobre el mismo proceso de aprendizaje, traspasado por retos informacionales y comunicacionales. En esta recerca, haciendo uso de análisis bibliográfica en el campo de la psicopedagogía, así come de la teoría de la comunicación y de la filosofía de la mente, proponemos un cuadro teórico que intenta fundamentar tales exigencias epistemológicas en educación. Presentamos, al fin, algunos elementos teóricos, desde las demandas de la cultura digital, que nos permiten pensar otro paradigma psicopedagógico y otro abordaje del aprendizaje. Palabras clave: Educación. Cultura digital. Psicopedagogía. Epistemología. Fundamentos de la educación. Data de registro: 23/01/2021 Data de aceite: 22/09/2021 1 Pesquisa desenvolvida com financiamento CAPES. (shrink)

Marcus et al.’s experiment (1999) concerning infant ability to distinguish between differing syntactic structures has prompted connectionists to strive to show that certain types of neural networks can mimic the infants’ results. In this paper we take a closer look at two such attempts: Shultz and Bale [Shultz, T.R. and Bale, A.C. (2001), Infancy 2, pp. 501–536] Altmann and Dienes [Altmann, G.T.M. and Dienes, Z. (1999) Science 248, p. 875a]. We were not only interested in how well these two (...) models matched the infants’ results, but also whether they were genuinely learning the grammars involved in this process. After performing an extensive set of experiments, we found that, at first blush, Shultz and Bale’s model (2001) replicated the infant’s known data, but the model largely failed to learn the grammars. We also found serious problems with Altmann and Dienes’ model (1999), which fell short of matching any of the infant’s results and of learning the syntactic structure of the input patterns. (shrink)

This paper intents to analyze the influence of John Dewey’s ideas in the movement that defended the educationl renovation in Brazil at the end of the 1920s and in the 1930s. For this, it explains two trends of that movement: the first is described by the metaphor of industrial or mechanical efficiency, whose emphasis was in the power derived from the disciplinary idea of progress, which was embedded in the process of rationalization of the social relations submitted by a factory (...) model; the second, developed by influence of Dewey, is characterized by a project of democratization of society and school that prevented the individual massification and the adoption of the rationalizing model inspired by the factory without any criticism. When Dewey was put in the center of the debate on political, pedagogical and social goals of the Brazilian New School, he was called to introduce a series of concepts that helped to find the balance between the respect for individuality and the observation of the social needs. (shrink)

Many research ethics guidelines now oblige researchers to offer research participants the results of research in which they participated. This practice is intended to uphold respect for persons and ensure that participants are not treated as mere means to an end. Yet some scholars have begun to question a generalised duty to disclose research results, highlighting the potential harms arising from disclosure and questioning the ethical justification for a duty to disclose, especially with respect to individual results. In support of (...) this view, we argue that current rationales for a duty of disclosure do not form an adequate basis for an ethical imperative. We review policy guidance and scholarly commentary regarding the duty to communicate the results of biomedical, epidemiological and genetic research to research participants and show that there is wide variation in opinion regarding what should be disclosed and under what circumstance. Moreover, we argue that there is fundamental confusion about the notion of “research results,” specifically regarding three core concepts: the distinction between aggregate and individual results, amongst different types of research, and across different degrees of result veracity. Even where policy guidance and scholarly commentary have been most forceful in support of an ethical imperative to disclose research results, ambiguity regarding what is to be disclosed confounds ethical action. (shrink)

Este artigo propõe-se a discutir a possibilidade de utilizar as tecnologias digitais online e as redes sociais como espaço de aprendizagem digital de uma maneira que favoreça a aprendizagem cooperativa entre os estudantes, alicerçado na Epistemologia Genética de Jean Piaget. Este estudo foi baseado em uma pesquisa-ação, nas aulas de Matemática, realizada com estudantes do ensino médio integrado em informática do IFRS – Campus Osório (RS), em 2011 e 2012-1. Os estudantes demonstraram apropriação deste espaço de aprendizagem digital, como o (...) Facebook, e apontaram que este potencializa a aprendizagem cooperativa no que tange à disciplina de Matemática, por ações colaborativas com a professora. (shrink)

O presente artigo busca analisar, a partir da leitura da obra De Quaerendo Deum, como a questão da luz se faz central no processo de elevação intelectual a partir do sensível na obra cusana. Nele iremos mostrar como a luz é o elo que guia o objeto sensível até o intelecto e o intelecto até Deus. Tomado esse objetivo, o artigo será dividido em duas partes, na primeira iremos abordar a questão central da obra De Docta Ignorantia, que é os (...) limites de se conhecer propriamente Deus e as essências das coisas. Vai se buscar a partir daí apresentar os fundamentos para o que será o papel da experiência estética em Cusa. A constatação do nosso limite em conhecer verdadeiramente o infinito e a Verdade geradora não são postos por Cusa como forma de desestimular a conjectura sobre elas, pelo contrário, é a partir dessa constatação que nos é possível, pela ignorância esclarecida, buscar mais propriamente nos aproximarmos, ainda que nunca cheguemos, dessas Verdades. Tomada essa base fundamental, trabalharemos no segundo tópico o ponto central aqui proposto, a saber, a importância da luz nesse processo. Focados principalmente na obra cusana De Quaerendo Deum iremos articular os conceitos de teofania e a importância da luz. A teofania será central para o conceito de anagogia através da contemplação estética, fundamentando como pode-se buscar conjecturar sobre o Criador a partir de sua manifestação na criação. Longe de ser um panteista a teoria cusana busca expressar que, apesar de inacessível em sua totalidade devido a sua própria natureza, o Deus cusano não se esconde, mas sim se manifesta na sua criação, sendo possível conjecturar sobre Ele a partir da percepção sensível sobre os objetos criados. Nesse sistema, a luz será explorada tanto enquanto luz sensível, como também enquanto a luz interior e principalmente a luz como manifestação e ligação com a divindade a partir do intelecto humano, dessa forma vai se mostrar como todo o processo de elevação a partir da contemplação sensível tem a presença da luz como parte essencial. Palavras chave: Cusa. Estética. Luz. Teofania. (shrink)

Taking as its point of departure a sharp critique of Rawls's influential A Theory of Justice, this book looks at politics from an aesthetic perspective.

"The chief business of twentieth-century philosophy” is “to reckon with twentieth-century history," claimed R. G. Collingwood. In this remarkable collection of essays, Frank Ankersmit demonstrates the prescience of that remark and goes a long way toward meeting its challenge. Responding to the work of Hayden White, Arthur Danto, and Hans-Georg Gadamer, he examines such issues as the difference between historical representation and artistic expression, the status of metaphor in historical description, and the relation of postmodernism to historicism. Ankersmit's fluent grasp (...) of European thought and his ability to incorporate concepts from literary theory, art history, the philosophy of science, and political thought into his analyses assure that this collection will interest readers throughout the humanities. (shrink)

Why are we interested in history at all? Why do we feel the need to distinguish between past and present? In this book, the author argues that the past originates from an experience of rupture separating past and present. Think of the radical rupture with Europe's past that was effected by the French and the Industrial Revolutions. Sublime Historical Experience investigates how the notion of sublime historical experience complicates and challenges existing conceptions of language, truth, and knowledge. These experiences of (...) rupture are paradoxical since they involve both the separation of past and present and, at the same time, the effort to overcome this separation in terms of historical knowledge. The experience unites feelings of loss/pain with those of love/satisfaction, and thus is in agreement with how sublime experience is ordinarily defined. The experience is also precognitive since it precedes historical knowledge. As such it is a challenge to traditional conceptions of the relationship between experience and truth or language. It compels us to disconnect the notions of experience and truth. (shrink)

The context for biological emergence is modular hierarchical structures; their existence is what enables functional complexity to arise. Because of the openness of organisms to their environment, complete initial data (position, momentum) of all particles making up their structure is insufficient to determine future outcomes, because unpredictable new matter, energy, and information impacts each organism from the exterior. Consequently, through Darwinian evolution, life has developed processes to handle this issue functionally on short time scales as well on longer developmental timescales. (...) Symbolism and technology are the transforming factors handling this issue at the social levels, which is where the most sophisticated outcomes of openness occur. Considering the cosmological context, the issue is, should the universe itself be regarded as an open system over time? I make the case that is indeed so, because radically new outcomes occur such as the existence of aircraft, iPads, and the internet, which could not plausibly have been encoded in some form of data on the Last Scattering Surface in the expanding universe. (shrink)

The vocabulary of representation is better suited to an understanding of historiography than the vocabularies of description and interpretation. Since both art and historiography represent the world, they are closer to science than are criticism and the history of art because the interpretation of meaning is the specialty of the latter two fields. Historiography is less secure in its attempt to represent the world than art is; historiography is more artificial, more an expression of cultural codes than art itself. Historiography (...) is a suitable paradigm for studying certain philosophical problems, particularly epistemology, or codified representation. Representation always requires the presence of two sets of non-referential logical dummies; disturbing the symmetry between these logical dummies gives rise to the position of realism and idealism. Epistemology is strongly inclined to disturb this symmetry. The parallels between recent developments in art and those in historiography demonstrate how much historiography is part of the contemporary cultural world. The deficiencies of modern philosophy of history can largely be explained by its tendency to neglect the cultural significance of the writing of history. (shrink)

Background: Expanded newborn screening generates incidental results, notably carrier results. Yet newborn screening programmes typically restrict parental choice regarding receipt of this non-health serving genetic information. Healthcare providers play a key role in educating families or caring for screened infants and have strong beliefs about the management of incidental results. Methods: To inform policy on disclosure of infant sickle cell disorder (SCD) carrier results, a mixed-methods study of healthcare providers was conducted in Ontario, Canada, to understand attitudes regarding result management (...) using a cross-sectional survey (N = 1615) and semistructured interviews (N = 42). Results: Agreement to reasons favouring disclosure of SCD carrier results was high (65.1%–92.7%) and to reasons opposing disclosure was low (4.1%–18.1%). Genetics professionals expressed less support for arguments favouring disclosure (35.3%–78.8%), and more agreement with arguments opposing disclosure (15.7%–51.9%). A slim majority of genetics professionals (51.9%) agreed that a reason to avoid disclosure was the importance of allowing the child to decide to receive results. Qualitatively, there was a perceived “duty” to disclose, that if the clinician possessed the information, the clinician could not withhold it. Discussion: While a majority of respondents perceived a duty to disclose the incidental results of newborn screening, the policy implications of these attitudes are not obvious. In particular, policy must balance descriptive ethics (ie, what providers believe) and normative ethics (ie, what duty-based principles oblige), address dissenting opinion and consider the relevance of moral principles grounded in clinical obligations for public health initiatives. (shrink)

Adolescence methamphetamine use is an issue of considerable concern due to its correlation with later delinquency, divorce, unemployment and health problems. Understanding how adolescents initiate methamphetamine abuse is important in developing effective prevention programs. We formulate a mathematical model for the spread of methamphetamine abuse using nonlinear ordinary differential equations. It is assumed that susceptibles are recruited into methamphetamine use through imitation. An epidemic threshold value, Ra\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathcal {R}}_a$$\end{document}, termed the abuse reproduction (...) number, is proposed and defined herein in the drug-using context. The model is shown to exhibit the phenomenon of backward bifurcation. This means that methamphetamine problems may persist in the population even if Ra\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathcal {R}}_a$$\end{document} is less than one. Sensitivity analysis of Ra\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathcal {R}}_a$$\end{document} was performed to determine the relative importance of different parameters in methamphetamine abuse initiation. The model is then fitted to data on methamphetamine users less than 20 years old reporting methamphetamine as their primary substance of abuse in the treatment centres of Cape Town and parameter values that give the best fit are chosen. Results show that the proportion of methamphetamine users less than 20 years old reporting methamphetamine as their primary substance of abuse will continue to decrease in Cape Town of South Africa. The results suggest that intervention programs targeted at reducing adolescence methamphetamine abuse, are positively impacting methamphetamine abuse. (shrink)

¿Qué relaciones se pueden establecer entre la Educación Matemática y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible a partir del estudio de una Escuela Rural? Esta es la pregunta orientadora de una investigación doctoral en la que pretendemos desarrollar la comprensión de aspectos de la Educación Matemática en los 17 Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de la Agenda 2030 de las Naciones Unidas, a partir de un estudio en una Escuela Rural ubicada en el noroeste del estado de Río Grande del Sur/Brasil. Para (...) ello, en este artículo presentamos ideas relacionadas con la investigación en desarrollo. Para ello, discutimos ideas teóricas de la Etnomatemática en diálogo con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, además de presentar la escuela donde se produjeron los datos. También se discuten los resultados de un levantamiento bibliográfico de disertaciones y tesis en el área de Educación Matemática. Al realizar una búsqueda en la Biblioteca Digital Brasileña de Tesis y Disertaciones, localizamos cinco estudios que brindan elementos iniciales para la discusión. de algunos de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Estas producciones presentaron relaciones con el ODS 2 – Hambre cero y agricultura sostenible; ODS 3 – Salud y bienestar; ODS 4 – Educación de calidad; y ODS 12 – Producción y consumo responsables. Esperamos ampliar estas relaciones a través del desarrollo de la tesis, contribuyendo con reflexiones que atañen a aspectos sociales, económicos y ambientales. (shrink)